Well...
The standard language hack is probably already explained in the messages above, so unless you have a question about it, I won't elaborate on that...
The forumjump template is different because it's evaluation code can be found in a function. PHP functions don't know the content of variables declared outside the function (in this case the variables that are loaded from the language files...)
Solution... You must include the variables that you use in the forumjump template as global in the beginning of that function.
In my particular case this means adding following rule to the declaration of variables in the makeforum() function of global.php
global $bobexforumjump,$bobexgobutton,$bobexselectone;
When it comes to remembering the language without cookies, this is a little harder. I first implemented this by adding a language field to the user-table so that when cookies were disabled, It could read the default language for that user. However, without cookies, vBulletin doesn't keep you logged-in all the time, and you loose your language variable again.
This leaves only passing the language variable everywhere through the URL. However, I haven't implemented that yet, and probably won't

since it means changing links in virtually every template.
If you have any more questions, just ask!
Greetings
stcham