[noypiscripter]

No. Dynamic front-end changes on the fly via Javascript are not visible outside of the browser executing it. This means external sites like Facebook that scrapes the page will not see those changes. What they will see are basically what you see when you view the page source (View-Source) which is what the server outputs when you make a request.

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What you need to do is create a template hook in the header_head hook location. In the template, you need to retrieve the first attached image in the article. Once you get it, you can render appropriate open graph meta tags.

The code for this is not simple. This will require time and effort to do. You could hire me or someone else to do this for you.