There are no guarantees in life but deleting the accounts and the scripts they used to hack in will certainly make it harder for them to do any more damage.
I also pruned all users awaiting email confirmation, only out of spite, because they were also all obvious forum spammers.
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For what it's worth, I had my admins change their passwords but I don't think that was necessary on this one occasion.
That said, the main admin account's password cannot be changed because I blocked that in the INCLUDES/CONFIG.PHP script. That is a prudent measure to take because when they do get in and create an admin account, they can change passwords all over the place. This is the section to update:
Code:
// ****** UNDELETABLE / UNALTERABLE USERS ******
// The users specified here will not be deletable or alterable from the control panel by any users.
// To specify more than one user, separate userids with commas.
$config['SpecialUsers']['undeletableusers'] = '';
Of course, if they could hack into the server account itself they could try to change this script so it's not a perfect protection but it at least serves as a firewall between your legitimate admin passwords and anyone who wants to block you from getting back in.