Success!
Ok, got recaptcha (and also question/answer if that's your preference) working and displaying on the standard error template.
The trick was to create a new plugin using the code from the following thread. I put the plugin on the error_generic hook.
https://vborg.vbsupport.ru/showthread.php?t=182435
PHP Code:
require_once(DIR . '/includes/class_humanverify.php');
$verify =& vB_HumanVerify::fetch_library($vbulletin);
$human_verify = $verify->output_token();
Also the sections of register.php that dealt with password and email confirmation (not the md5 check though) were commented out. In 3.8.2's register.php :
commented 297
//edited 304-306, commented 295, 310-314, line 587
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EJM, I don't have the time to do an academic test to see if my hack would work with the password and emails confirmation fields, but what I'd say is try editing the register template, removing those redundancies, create the plugin as I've posted in this thread, paste the stripped down register template into the standard_error template and get that working. Once you've got that working, as I've done, then you can easily work backwords adding back in the redundancies to see if it works or not and go from there.