I think you want to check $post['userid'], and if you want it to be instead of the group images for certain users then you'll want to make it part of the existing if/elseif statement, but first. So something like this:
Code:
<vb:if condition="$post[userid] == X" >
<img src="../images/user_x.png"></img>
<vb:elseif condition="is_member_of($post, 17)" />
<img src="../images/premium.png"></img>
<vb:elseif condition="is_member_of($post, 11)" />
<img src="../images/sponsor.png"></img>
<vb:elseif condition="is_member_of($post, 18)" />
<img src="../images/new-member.png"></img>
<vb:elseif condition="is_member_of($post, 5)" />
<img src="../images/admin.png"></img>
<vb:elseif condition="is_member_of($post, 7)" />
<img src="../images/advisor.png"></img>
<vb:elseif condition="is_member_of($post, 23)" />
<img src="../images/VIP.png"></img>
<vb:else />
<img src="../images/member.png"></img>
</vb:if>