IBAnders released a mod for 3.8.x that was moved to modification graveyard that did this - it was moved because people couldn't read simple instructions and complained that it wasn't working - however it was they were just slow and couldn't come to grips with it.
I still have it for 3.8.x and am working on porting it over to 4.0 for my site and series of sites it will do everything you are after.
Mainly what it is - there is one forum
www.foruma.com; then what this mod allows you to do is set up forumb.com; forumc.com; forumd.com dedicated certain categories to each of the sites.
So what happens you log into forumb.com - it has category 1, 2, 3 - you then go to forumc.com (which has a different style/layout) and on this site it has category 1,4,5,6 and so on.
What this means is behind the scenes (admin panel) it is just one giant forum however when going to the websites it looks like four different websites.
It allows you members to register for one and log into all (because really behind the scenes it is just one giant forum); it allows you to share an off topic/general discussion forum between all of the sites if you want; or announcement forum between all of them.
Was an awesome modification and am hopeful to have it for 4.x for my sites shortly - am just working through slowly as I am not a good coder.