1) Templates are stored in the database... AdminCP > Styles & Templates > Style Manager > Add New Template.
2) No sure what you mean by "where do I find this code"...
Use this in place of what you said:
PHP Code:
$cwd = getcwd();
chdir('path/to/forums/');
require_once('global.php');
chdir($cwd);
3) It refers to any file locations you use in script, just try it without if it doesn't work then try it with it.
You'll learn more through trial and error then anyone can teach you