I don't know because for me the Google links all lead back to your site as normal.

What site are they pointing too?

--------------- Added [DATE]1457703324[/DATE] at [TIME]1457703324[/TIME] ---------------

I mean the exact url they are being redirected too.

go into DBSEO / External Links and disable Anonymise External URLs

hopefully that'll work :)

I check the URLs in a lot of the Google you posted. Unless it has a blatant redirect in the URL, it goes where it's supposed to. The one's with the redirect in the URL for sure go elsewhere.
When you click on the thread to go to it inside the forum are they getting redirected?
Something else. Do you have HTML enabled on your forum for any of your user groups? If you do one of your member's could have injected some code. Check it. Stranger things have happened.

I am not an expert like above friends, until they help you to find a solution, give an end to google reading these urls.
Sorry for interference...
Put this.

robots.txt
Disallow: /redirect-to/

It will take 15-20 days all those redirect urls to not exists any more.