How do I do this?

[AzonicX]

How do I add these, on vBulletin? I highlighted them in red.
https://vborg.vbsupport.ru/external/2008/08/37.png
An image / text that displays the user status (highlighted in red near the bottom)
...and an image after the name (highlighted in red near the top)?

[calorie]

Whatever image you prefer can go after $post[musername] in the vB postbit_legacy template. The other information looks to be template edits also. There are a number of threads that can show you how to dress up that area. Here are a few:

https://vborg.vbsupport.ru/showthread.php?t=148629
https://vborg.vbsupport.ru/showthread.php?t=148218
https://vborg.vbsupport.ru/showthread.php?t=143152